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Producing electricity from your sweat might be key to next wearable technology

<p>Imagine a world where the smart watch on your wrist never ran out of charge, because it used your sweat to power itself.</p> <p>It sounds like science fiction but researchers have figured out how to engineer a <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/bacterial-biofilm/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bacterial biofilm</a> to be able to produce continuous <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/electricity-from-sweaty-fingertips/">electricity fr</a><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/electricity-from-sweaty-fingertips/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">o</a><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/electricity-from-sweaty-fingertips/">m perspiration</a>.</p> <p>They can harvest energy in evaporation and convert it to electricity which could revolutionise wearable electronic devices from personal medical sensors to electronics.</p> <p>The science is in a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-32105-6#ref-CR7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">new study</a> published in <em>Nature Communications.</em></p> <p>“The limiting factor of wearable electronics has always been the power supply,” says senior author Jun Yoa, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass),  in the US. “Batteries run down and have to be changed or charged. They are also bulky, heavy, and uncomfortable.”</p> <p>But the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, so a small, thin, clear and flexible biofilm worn like a Band-Aid could provide a much more convenient alternative.</p> <p>The biofilm is made up of a sheet of bacterial cells approximately 40 micrometres thick or about the thickness of a sheet of paper. It’s made up a genetically engineered version of the bacteria <em>Geobacter sulfurreducens</em> to be exact.</p> <p><em>G. sulfurreducens</em> is a microorganism known to <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209890/#:~:text=Interestingly%2C%20Geobacter%20sulfurreducens%20also%20called,electron%20transfer%20through%20the%20biofilms." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">produce electricity</a> and has been used previously in “<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-019-0173-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microbial fuel cells</a>”. These require the bacteria to be alive, necessitating proper care and constant feeding, but this new biofilm can work continuously because the bacteria are already dead.</p> <p>“It’s much more efficient,” says senior author Derek Lovley, distinguished professor of Microbiology at UMass Amherst. “We’ve simplified the process of generating electricity by radically cutting back on the amount of processing needed.</p> <p>“We sustainably grow the cells in a biofilm, and then use that agglomeration of cells. This cuts the energy inputs, makes everything simpler and widens the potential applications.”</p> <p>The process relies on evaporation-based electricity production – the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-018-0228-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hydrovoltaic effect</a>. Water flow is driven by evaporation between the solid biofilm and the liquid water, which drives the transport of electrical charges to generate an electrical current.</p> <p><em>G. sulfurreducens</em> colonies are grown in thin mats which are harvested and then have small circuits etched into them using a laser. Then they are sandwiched between mesh electrodes and finally sealed in a soft, sticky, breathable polymer which can be applied directly onto the skin without irritation.</p> <p>Initially, the researchers tested it by placing the device directly on a water surface, which produced approximately 0.45 volts of electricity continuously. When worn on sweaty skin it produced power for 18 hours, and even non-sweating skin generated a substantial electric output – indicating that the continuous low-level secretion of moisture from the skin is enough to drive the effect.</p> <p>“Our next step is to increase the size of our films to power more sophisticated skin-wearable electronics,” concludes Yao.</p> <p>The team aim to one day be able to power not only single devices, but entire electronic systems, using this biofilm. And because microorganisms can be mass produced with renewable feedstocks, it’s an exciting alternative for producing renewable materials for clean energy powered devices.</p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=200509&amp;title=Producing+electricity+from+your+sweat+might+be+key+to+next+wearable+technology" width="1" height="1" /></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/electricity-from-sweat-biofilm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/imma-perfetto" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Imma Perfetto</a>. Imma Perfetto is a science writer at Cosmos. She has a Bachelor of Science with Honours in Science Communication from the University of Adelaide.</em></p> <p><em>Image: </em><em>Liu et al., doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32105-6</em></p> </div>

Entertainment

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How to shop smarter and save big

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">I truly believe that all of us can shop smarter. Just take a bit of time before shopping to plan what you need, during shopping to ensure you get everything (and prevent another trip, which incurs costs on fuel) and after shopping to make sure your goods are stored correctly so they will last until you cook and eat them.</span></p> <p><strong>Here are some tips:</strong></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep your shopping list somewhere where you will see it all the time and then remember to take it with you when you shop. I keep mine on a spreadsheet open on my computer (because I’m on the computer all day) – but I used to keep it on my fridge door. (I attached some old magnets to the back so it would stay there.) You can also keep it in your phone if you prefer; that way you will be less likely to leave it at home!</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pay attention to unit prices. Since 2009 it’s been compulsory for every supermarket in Australia to provide a unit price for every item so that shoppers can quickly compare costs. Unit pricing breaks the cost of a product into a unit of weight, volume or number. For example, chocolate will have a unit price per 100 g, milk a unit price per litre and a bulk pack of breakfast bars or drinks might list an ‘each’ price.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">In most cases, the larger the size or amount, the smaller the unit price. For example, the unit price of a 1-litre carton of milk might be $1.20 per litre, yet for a 2-litre carton it might be $0.90 per litre.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Don’t always assume that you are getting a good deal when buying in bulk. Sometimes it is actually cheaper to buy multiples of the smaller packs. So always check the unit price before you purchase.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pay cash instead of using a card. (Use the internet to work out how much your items will cost before you go.) It forces you to keep to your budget.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Take a calculator (or use your phone) and add up what you are spending as you go.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Never shop when you are hungry (I know you’ve heard it before, but it makes a huge difference.)</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Try not to shop with young children – it’s distracting for you and stressful for everyone (especially if they’re hassling you nonstop to buy toys or sweets and you’re not giving in!). If shopping with preschoolers is unavoidable, give them a special ‘job’ to do (putting stuff in the trolley), or put them in the trolley with a colouring book.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bring your own bottle of water and sip it to get you past the chocolate, soft drink and snack aisles. Better yet, don’t even go down them!</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid shopping at peak times (Saturday mornings and 3–5 p.m. weekdays).</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Never shop at eye level – that’s where the supermarket promotes the product with the highest profit share. Brands pay a premium to have their products at eye-level for people who don’t care too much about what they’re buying and just want to grab it and go. Check out the bottom shelf, then the top.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">But the truly best place of all to find the cheapest items is at the ends of the aisles. This is where the supermarket places bulk items that they want to get rid of quickly – and they will sell them at close to cost price. Take advantage of this – especially with staple items.Check out the clearance section. It’s often a messy, uncoordinated pile, which discourages most shoppers – but don’t let it discourage you. If you are patient enough to weed through this section you may just find an item or two on your list.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">The only time to stray from your budget is when you encounter an unexpected sale on staple items that you just can’t go past.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you keep to your budget, give yourself a small, inexpensive treat as a reward (or just put a couple of dollars in a piggy bank to save up for something just for you).</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">And the biggest hint of them all: check your receipt. Supermarkets make mistakes all the time. If you find an error, they will often refund you the cost of the entire item, not just the error, so by checking for mistakes, you could get a few items for free!</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is an edited extract from The $50 Weekly Shop Weekday Dinners by Jody Allen, published by Penguin Random House and available now, RRP $24.99</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Written by Jody Allen. Republished with permission of </span><a href="https://www.wyza.com.au/articles/lifestyle/wyza-life/how-to-shop-smarter-and-save.aspx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Wyza.com.au.</span></a></em></p>

Finance

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Smart things healthy people do before 10 am

<p>Try these expert tips on how to enjoy a healthier start to every morning.</p> <p><strong>Start your day right with these tips</strong></p> <p>Early birds get the worm. You know how the old adage, but do you know how to put it into practice? Here, experts share what healthy people do before 10 am… every single day.</p> <p><strong>They meditate</strong></p> <p>Before you roll your eyes at the thought, remember that meditation doesn’t have to be a lengthy, drawn-out process to be effective. As Dr Lillie Rosenthal, explains, setting your intention for your day helps you connect your mind and body, allowing you to reset and reboot your central nervous system. “Upon opening your eyes in the morning, instead of racing to put on the coffee, take a brief pause,” she recommends. “Do some gentle breathing, breathing in for four counts in and breathing out for eight counts, taking in the ‘good’ and letting out ‘negative’ feelings.”</p> <p><strong>They take a break from their phones</strong></p> <p>It’s not enough to pause before hopping out of bed. Bryce Kennedy, life coach, says the healthiest of people avoid their phone as long as possible. In fact, prioritizing your time without distractions is essential. “Nothing or no one is allowed to enter that space. It is a time for reflection, writing, brainstorming, and flow. It is a small window that is open and needs to be caught in order to be used. Once the phone is turned on, emails checked, news read, texts replied to, etc. the window is closed,” Kennedy says.</p> <p><strong>They take a shower</strong></p> <p>Bad news if you prefer to rinse off before you go to bed at night, according to immunologist Dr Tania Elliott, it’s a healthier tactic to hop in the shower in the a.m. Not only does it help you feel extra alert and more awake, but when you add eucalyptus or peppermint you help stimulate your level of concentration via your nasal passages. (Add a drop of an essential oil to a diffuser near your tub.) Clean and ready to impress your boss? Yes, please!</p> <p><strong>They read something inspiring</strong></p> <p>Consider the last book you read or article you clicked on via Facebook that left you smiling once you paged through it. Life coach Dr Cali Estes says healthy people continuously seek sources of inspiration to keep them in the right frame of mind. “Spend ten minutes reading any article that will help you obtain your goals. This can be business, personal, self esteem-related or anything that will give you tips and tricks you can apply throughout the day,” she suggests.</p> <p><strong>They connect with others</strong></p> <p>While having “you” time is necessary to regenerate and refocus, Jeana Anderson Cohen, founder and CEO of the wellness and fitness media company A Sweat Life says spending time with others – especially those who lift you up and support you – is essential to your daily health. “Your family, your friends, your children, the groups you dedicate your time to – those connections are shown to be the greatest determinant of happiness. And happiness is not so surprisingly tied to your health. Try sending a text or an email to one person you miss in the morning with the intention to join them for a coffee or lunch in the near future,” she says.</p> <p><strong>They stay positive</strong></p> <p>Did your mother ever nudge you to talk to yourself as you would to your best friend? Probably so – and it’s worth applying that logic as an adult. Sonia Satra, life coach, says many people harp on the reasons they’re not measuring up, from not sleeping enough to contributing enough and the list goes on. “The best way to combat those ‘not-enough’s’ is to shift your focus by asking questions that will give you helpful, powerful answers,” she suggests. For example, ask yourself: What do I have enough time for? What am I already doing well? What am I grateful for? What do I want today to look like?</p> <p><strong>They practice gratitude</strong></p> <p>Even though the practice of gratitude is something that’s been trendy lately, Kien Vuu, MD and motivational speaker, says the benefits of being thankful are timeless. That’s why starting each day focusing on your blessings maintains your health in a long-term way. “Writing down things you are grateful for every morning releases feel-good hormones that prime your body for health and wellness. The emotion of gratitude cancels out fear and stress as well as reduces the production of cortisol, aka the stress hormone. This is a great emotional priming technique that allows you to better handle any stressors that may arise during the day,” he says.</p> <p><strong>They exercise</strong></p> <p>While hitting snooze once (or twice or three times) is a tempting prospect when you didn’t catch quite enough Zzzs, Dr Rosenthal says starting your day with movement does wonders for your health. “It gets you out of your heads and into your body. It stimulates the neurotransmitters in the brain and keeps you physiologically younger and more agile,” she notes. When you put a good workout on your priority list, you strengthen your cardiovascular health, curb your appetite, increase your consciousness, build muscle, and boost your overall happiness.</p> <p><strong>They eat breakfast at 10 am</strong></p> <p>Believe it or not, there’s a big benefit to fasting, according to Dr Rosenthal. When you go without food for ten or more hours, your blood sugar normalizes and your metabolism is restarted. This is why the healthiest of people wait to eat breakfast until 10 am, when enough time has passed from their midnight snack. A doughnut, of course, won’t do your body good though, which is why Dr Rosenthal recommends focusing on nutritious options, including unprocessed foods, such as oatmeal or a homemade smoothie with fruit and vegetables.</p> <p><strong>They hydrate</strong></p> <p>Considering our bodies are mostly made of water, it’s likely no surprise that continuously chugging this natural wonder is a must for a long life. Dr Rosenthal says the majority of us wait to chug water until we feel thirsty, and by then, it’s too late. She recommends drinking at least 350 to 475 millilitres of water right after you wake up and drinking a minimum of two litres total throughout the course of your day. “Try adding lemon to water which is alkaline and adds a favourable PH balance to the body. Do your best to avoid sugary drinks and diet drinks which are heavy on artificial sweeteners and chemical additives which the body processes as sugar anyway,” she adds.</p> <p><strong>They keep their space clean</strong></p> <p>Technically this is a task that should be completed before you tuck yourself in for the night, but Kennedy stresses it’s a must in order to start off your day on the right foot. Clearing off your workspace might not seem like such a big deal, after all, it’s just a few papers and a coffee cup, but it’s more about the mental message it sends your brain and confidence. “When the mind sees clutter, it elicits shame, guilt, and anxiety, creating confusion and chaos,” he explains. “If your desk is clean and you sit down to that first thing in the morning – Wow! – a completely different feeling. There is a sense of empowerment, a clean slate, and a new beginning.” He suggests removing papers, pictures, office supplies, corporate nonsense, books, and whatever else you may store to make room for more creativity.</p> <p><em>Written by Lindsay Tigar. This article first appeared in </em><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/healthsmart/tips/smart-things-healthy-people-do-before-10-am"><em>Reader’s Digest</em></a><em>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, </em><a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.com.au/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA87V"><em>here’s our best subscription offer.</em></a></p> <p><img style="width: 100px !important; height: 100px !important;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7820640/1.png" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f30947086c8e47b89cb076eb5bb9b3e2" /></p>

Health

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“Devastated”: Why Duchess Meghan broke down after watching Princess Diana’s funeral

<p>Meghan, the Duchess of Sussex, is said to have broken down in tears when she watched Princess Diana’s funeral on TV back in 1997.</p> <p>This is according to royal biographer Andrew Morton who has penned a new book about the Duchess called<span> </span><em>Meghan: A Hollywood Princess</em>.</p> <p>The Duchess of Sussex is said to have been extremely moved as she watched Diana’s coffin travel through the streets.</p> <p>Morton said “tears coursed down their [Meghan and her friends] cheeks” when an envelope with the word “mummy” was placed next to the coffin.</p> <p>Morton has also said that Meghan became captivated by Diana after her death.</p> <p>“As friend Ninaki Priddy observed: ‘She was always fascinated by the royal family. She wanted to be Diana 2.0.’”</p> <p>Prince Harry has previously revealed that he believes that his mum would have approved of Meghan and said that the pair would be “best friends”.</p> <p>The news surrounding the book comes as Elton John shared a moving tribute to Diana saying that he misses her on the 22nd anniversary of her death.</p> <p>The caption says “Miss you so much #PrincessDiana”.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/B13SJBlDP3R/" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="margin: 8px 0 0 0; padding: 0 4px;"><a style="color: #000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/B13SJBlDP3R/" target="_blank">Miss you so much 😢❤️ #PrincessDiana @richardyoung110</a></p> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">A post shared by <a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/eltonjohn/" target="_blank"> Elton John</a> (@eltonjohn) on Sep 1, 2019 at 2:36am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The pair became instant friends after meeting in 1981 at Prince Andrew’s birthday party at Windsor Castle.</p> <p>Speaking to the<span> </span><em><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/fabulous/9840074/elton-john-emotional-tribute-princess-diana-misses-her-22nd-anniversary-death/" target="_blank">Vancouver Sun</a><span> </span></em>in 2000, John said: “When I arrived, there was no one there but the dance band and Princess Diana. We danced the Charleston alone on the floor for 20 minutes.”</p> <p>John rewrote<span> </span><em>Candle in the Wind</em><span> </span>and performed<span> </span><em>Goodbye England’s Rose</em><span> </span>at Princess Diana’s funeral in 1997 and spoke about how moving it was.</p> <p>“Me playing at the funeral was one of the most surreal things I have ever done. What was going through my mind was, ‘Don’t sing a wrong note. Be stoic,’” he told the <em>Telegraph</em> in the UK.</p> <p>“Don’t break down and just do it to the best you can possibly do it without showing any emotion whatsoever.”</p> <p>It’s clear that the performance had an impact on those attending, with Prince Harry saying that it was “incredibly emotional”.</p> <p>“That was part of this whole trigger system, which nearly brought me to the point of crying in public, which I didn’t do,” he said in the documentary<span> </span><em>Diana, 7 Days</em>.</p>

News

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Weird brain exercises that help you get smarter

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Giving your brain new experiences will keep it healthier. Try these mini mental workout exercises to prevent memory loss and sharpen your mind.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Giving your brain new experiences that combine physical senses – vision, smell, touch, taste and hearing – with emotional “sense” stimulates more connections between different brain areas, causes nerve cells to produce natural brain nutrients that dramatically help memory and makes surrounding cells stronger and more resistant to the effects of aging. Try these brain exercises during your morning routine or your down time and see if you feel the difference.</span></p> <p><strong>Brush teeth with your non-dominant hand</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research has shown that using the opposite side of your brain (as in this exercise) can result in a rapid and substantial expansion of in the parts of the cortex that control and process tactile information from the hand.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Brush, and don’t forget to open the tube and apply toothpaste in reverse, too.</span></p> <p><strong>Shower with your eyes closed</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your hands will probably notice varied textures of your own body you don’t “see,” and will send messages back to your brain.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Try using just your tactile senses (although, use common sense to avoid burn or injury). Locate the taps solely by feel, and adjust the temperature. Then wash, shave and so on with your eyes shut.</span></p> <p><strong>Switch around your morning activities</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain imaging studies show that novel tasks exercise large areas of the cortex, indicating increased levels of brain activity in several distinct areas. This activity declines when the task becomes routine and automatic.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Get dressed after breakfast, walk the dog on a new route or change your TV or news station. Even watching a kids’ program like Sesame Street, for example, may arouse the brain to notice how much of what you take for granted is explored in depth by children.</span></p> <p><strong>Turn familiar objects upside down (literally)</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When you look at things right-side up, your left “verbal” brain quickly labels it and diverts your attention elsewhere. When they’re upside down, your right brain networks kick in, trying to interpret the shapes, colours and relationships of a puzzling picture.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Turn pictures of your family, your desk clock or an illustrated calendar upside down.</span></p> <p><strong>Switch seats at the table</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In most families, everyone has his or her “own” seat, but your brain benefits from new experiences.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Switch seats to change whose position you occupy, who you relate to, your view of the room and even how you reach for salt and pepper.</span></p> <p><strong>Make a new connection with your nose</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">You probably don’t remember when you “learned” to associate the smell of coffee with the start of a day. However, by linking a new odour – say, vanilla, citrus or peppermint – to an activity, you’ll alert new neural pathways.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Keep an extract of your favourite scent near your bed for a week. Open it and inhale when you first wake up, and then again as you bathe and dress.</span></p> <p><strong>Open the car window</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The hippocampus, an area of your brain that processes memories, is especially involved in associating odours, sounds and sights to construct mental maps.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Try to identify new smells and sounds on your route. Opening the windows provides these circuits with more raw material.</span></p> <p><strong>Play with spare change</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because our brains regularly rely on visual cues to distinguish between objects, using touch to identify subtly different things increases activation in cortical areas that process tactile information and leads to stronger synapses. (Similarly, adults who lose their sight learn to distinguish Braille letters because their brain devotes more pathways to processing fine touch.)</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Place a cup full of coins in your car’s drink holder. While at a stoplight, try to determine the denominations by feel alone. You can also put coins in your pocket, and identify them when you stop at a corner.</span></p> <p><strong>Play “10 Things”</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Forcing your brain to think of alternates to the everyday will help keep it strong.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Someone hands you an ordinary object, and you must demonstrate 10 different “things” that the object might be. Example: A fly swatter might be a tennis racket, a golf club, a fan, a baton, a drumstick, a violin, a shovel, a microphone, a baseball bat or a canoe paddle.</span></p> <p><strong>Scan at the supermarket</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stores are designed to have the most profitable items at eye level, and when you shop you don’t really see everything there.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Stop in any aisle and look at the shelves, top to bottom. If there’s something you’ve never seen before, pick it up, read the ingredients and think about it. You don’t have to buy it to benefit; you’ve broken your routine and experienced something new.</span></p> <p><strong>Do an art project in a group</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Art activates the nonverbal and emotional parts of the cerebral cortex. When you create art, you draw on parts of your brain interested in forms, colours and textures, as well as thought processes very different from the logical, linear thinking that occupies most of your day.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Ask each person to draw something associated with a specific theme like a season, an emotion or a current event.</span></p> <p><strong>Make more social connections during your day</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientific research has repeatedly proved that social deprivation has severe negative effects on overall cognitive abilities.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Thirsty? Buy a drink from a person rather than a vending machine. Need gas? Pay the clerk at the counter rather than just swiping your credit card at the pump.</span></p> <p><strong>Read differently</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When we read aloud or listen to reading, we use very different brain circuits than when we read silently to ourselves.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Read aloud with your partner or a friend, alternating roles of reader and listener. It may be slow to get through a book, but as a bonus you’ll spend quality time together.</span></p> <p><strong>Eat unfamiliar foods</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your olfactory system can distinguish millions of odours by activating unique combinations of receptors in your nose. There’s a direct link to the emotional centre of your brain, so new odours may evoke unexpected feelings and associations.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain exercise: Choose a cuisine unfamiliar to you, and browse the variety of novel vegetables, seasonings and packaged goods.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Written by Lawrence C. Katz, PhD and Manning Rubin. This article first appeared in </span><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-stories-lifestyle/14-weird-brain-exercises-that-help-you-get-smarter?slide=all"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reader’s Digest.</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, </span><a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.com.au/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA93V"><span style="font-weight: 400;">here’s our best subscription offer.</span></a></p> <p><a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRN93V"><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></a><img style="width: 100px !important; height: 100px !important;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7820640/1.png" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f30947086c8e47b89cb076eb5bb9b3e2" /></p>

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Think Einstein was smart? Here are 8 people with higher IQs

<p><strong>1. Jacob Barnett: IQ 170</strong></p> <p>Jacob Barnett was <a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/autistic-boy-genius-iq-higher-einstein-article-1.1340923">diagnosed</a> with moderate to severe autism at two years old, and doctors predicted he’d never learn to tie his own shoes.</p> <p>Needless to say, he’s mastered dressing himself. The American child prodigy finished grades six through twelve in less than a year, then went to college at age ten.</p> <p>He was a published physicist <a href="https://psmag.com/magazine/jacob-barnett-30-under-30">by the time he was 13</a>.</p> <p>Now he’s <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/physics-astronomy/about/people/j3barnet">working toward his PhD</a> at age 19.</p> <p><strong>2. Judit Polgár: IQ 170</strong></p> <p>The Hungarian chess master is considered the best female chess player of all time.</p> <p>When she was 15 years and 4 months old in 1991, she was the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/04/news/youngest-grandmaster-ever-is-15-ferocious-and-female.html">youngest player</a> to become an International Grandmaster.</p> <p>She’s <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/smartest-person-in-the-world-2011-12/#bert-byrne-is-alleged-to-have-an-iq-of-170-3">reported</a> to have an IQ of 170.</p> <p><strong>3. Rick Rosner: IQ 192 to 198</strong></p> <p>Rick Rosner has taken <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/interview-with-rick-rosner-2014-11?r=UK&amp;IR=T">more than 30 IQ tests</a>, revealing his IQ is between 192 and 198, depending on how the tests define their scores.</p> <p>Before the allegedly second-smartest man in the world became a TV writer, he worked as a bouncer, stripper, and nude model.</p> <p>He famously <a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/lawsuit-millionaire-player-answer-article-1.927553">sued</a> ABC network for a faulty question after losing <em>Who Wants to Be a Millionaire</em> at the $16,000 level, but he lost the case.</p> <p><strong>4. Evangelos Katsioulis: IQ 198</strong></p> <p>With a score of 198, Evangelos Katsioulis, MD, MSc, MA, PhD, has the highest tested IQ in the world, according to the <a href="http://psiq.org/home.html">World Genius Directory</a>.</p> <p>The Greek psychiatrist also <a href="http://www.katsioulis.com/evangelos-katsioulis/">has degrees</a> in philosophy and medical research technology.</p> <p><strong>5. Sho Yano: IQ 200</strong></p> <p>American physician Sho Yano started college at age nine, and earned an MD and PhD <a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/06/young-medical-student-graduate.html">by the time he was 21</a>.</p> <p>He has a black belt in tae kwon do and started composing music when he was four, but he’s put his focus on <a href="https://www.vitals.com/doctors/Dr_Sho_Yano.html">child neurology</a>.</p> <p><strong>6. Nathan Leopold: IQ 200</strong></p> <p>The infamous Nathan Leopold had an IQ of 200 and spoke nine languages by age 18, but he didn’t use his intelligence for the greater good.</p> <p>When he was 19, he and an accomplice were <a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/leopold-and-loeb-gain-national-attention">arrested for murder</a> in 1924 after trying to commit the “perfect crime.”</p> <p>Leopold spent 33 years in jail before being released on parole.</p> <p><strong>7. Marilyn vos Savant: IQ 228</strong></p> <p>When Marilyn von Savant was ten years old, an adult-level Stanford-Binet test revealed she had an <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/4add9230-23d5-11de-996a-00144feabdc0">IQ of 228</a>, which later landed her a Guinness World Record until the company removed the category in 1990 because the numbers are considered inexact.</p> <p>She’s been answering philosophical and mathematical questions for <em>Parade</em> magazine readers in her “Ask Marilyn” <a href="https://parade.com/member/marilynvossavant/">column</a> since 1986</p> <p><strong>8. Ainan Cawley: IQ 263</strong></p> <p>This Irish child genius is <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3721556/The-smartest-40-people-time-revealed-List-includes-geniuses-Einstein-da-Vinci-s-number-one.html">projected</a> to have an IQ of 263.</p> <p>At eight years old, he was already taking third-year chemistry courses at Singapore Polytechnic, and by the time he was nine, he’d memorized the first 518 decimal places of pi.</p> <p>Now 18, he seems to have a knack for entertainment, having written the script and composed music <a href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/irish-child-prodigy-puts-talent-to-use-for-typhoon-charity-254202.html">for a short film called <em>Reflection</em></a> at age 12. </p> <p><em>Written by Marissa LaLiberte. This article first appeared in </em><a href="http://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-stories-lifestyle/thought-provoking/think-einstein-was-smart-here-are-8-people-higher-iqs?items_per_page=All">Reader’s Digest.</a><em> For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, </em><a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.com.au/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA93V">here’s our best subscription offer.</a> <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRN93V"></a></p> <p><img style="width: 100px !important; height: 100px !important;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7820640/1.png" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f30947086c8e47b89cb076eb5bb9b3e2" /></p>

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Here’s what dogs see when they watch television

<p>Dog owners often notice their pets watching televisions, computer screens and tablets. But what is going on in their pooch’s head? Indeed, by tracking their vision using similar methods used on humans, research has found that domestic dogs do prefer certain images and videos.</p> <p>This research indicates that dogs have a preference towards watching other canines – but our studies have also discovered that sound often initially attracts dogs towards television and other devices. Favoured sounds include dogs barking and whining, people giving dog-friendly commands and praise, and the noise of toys squeaking.</p> <p>How dogs watch TV is very different to the way humans do, however. Instead of sitting still, dogs will often approach the screen to get a closer look, and walk repeatedly between their owner and the television. They are essentially fidgety, interactive viewers.</p> <p>What dogs can see on the screen is also different to humans. Dogs have dichromatic vision – they have two types of colour receptor cells and see colour within two spectrums of light: blue and yellow. The use of colour within media is very important for dogs and explains why canine TV channel, DogTV prioritises these colours in its programming. Dogs’ eyes are also more sensitive to movement and vets suspect that the improved flicker rate that has come from the shift from standard to high definition television has allowed dogs to better perceive media shown on TV.</p> <p><strong>But do they enjoy it?</strong></p> <p>Multiple screens have also been used in research to see whether dogs can pick what to watch. Early research has shown that when presented with three screens, dogs are unable to decide, instead preferring to watch one screen no matter what is on it. This has still to be tested with two screens, and possibly more than three.</p> <p>While science has shown that dogs can engage with television and that they prefer certain programmes, it has yet to delve into the complex question of whether they actually enjoy it. We as humans will often watch distressing footage or videos that make us feel a range of emotions, from distress to anger and horror. It’s not always because it makes us feel good. We just don’t know whether similar factors motivate dogs to watch.</p> <p>What a dog does engage with, however, differs from dog to dog, depending on their personality, experience and preference. This is speculated to be influenced by what their owner watches, with dogs <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982211013935">following their human’s gaze</a> and other communication signals, such as gestures and head turns.</p> <p>Dogs, unlike humans, will also often have very <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581916300611">short interactions, often under three seconds</a>, with the media, preferring to glance at the TV rather than focus on it like humans. Research has found that even with media specifically designed for dogs, they will still <a href="http://bit.ly/2bXeDkX">spend the majority of their time watching nothing at all</a>. The ideal television for dogs, therefore, should contain lots of snippets rather than long storytelling scenarios.</p> <p>But while dogs have their own TV channel, and have been shown to prefer to watch other dogs through short interactions with specially coloured programmes, many mysteries remain. Nevertheless, technology has the potential to provide entertainment for domestic canines, improving the welfare of dogs left home alone and in kennels. Just don’t expect a doggie version of the Radio Times just yet.</p> <p><em>Written by Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas. Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://theconversation.com/heres-what-dogs-see-when-they-watch-television-65000"><em>The Conversation</em></a><em>.</em></p>

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There is now proof that your smart speaker is eavesdropping on your conversations

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Amazon has confirmed that its smart speaker, the Amazon Echo – also known as “Alexa” – listens to your personal and private conversations.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The company employs thousands of workers to listen to voice recordings that are captured by the company’s Echo “smart” speakers, according to a </span><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-10/is-anyone-listening-to-you-on-alexa-a-global-team-reviews-audio"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bloomberg</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> report.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Millions across the world have been reluctant to use the device for this very reason, and it turns out that someone IS listening to their conversations.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, Amazon doesn’t refer to the process as eavesdropping. The company refers to it as the “Alexa voice review process” and uses it to highlight the role that humans play in training software algorithms.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“This information helps us train our speech recognition and natural language understanding systems, so Alexa can better understand your requests, and ensure the service works well for everyone,” an Amazon spokesperson said in a statement.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The audio transcribers, who are comprised of full-time employees at Amazon as well as contractors, told </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bloomberg</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that they reviewed “as many as 1,000 audio clips per shift”. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although some of the employees might find the work mundane, the listeners occasionally pick up on things that the person on the other end would like to remain private, such as a woman singing in her shower off-key and loudly.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The report from </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bloomberg</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> also revealed that the more amusing (or harder to understand) voice clips get shared amongst the employees via internal chat rooms.</span></p> <p><strong>How to disable this feature</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, disabling this feature is easy. As it’s switched on by default in the Alexa app, this is also the way you turn it off.</span></p> <ol> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Open the Alexa app on your phone.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Tap the “Menu” button on the top left of the screen.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Select “Alexa Account”.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Choose “Alexa Privacy”.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Select “Manage how your data improves Alexa”.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Turn off the button next to “Help Develop New Features”.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Turn off the button next to your name under “Use Messages to Improve Transcriptions”.</span></li> </ol> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Despite turning off the recording function for Alexa, the company told Bloomberg that its voice recordings may still be analysed as a part of Amazon’s review process.</span></p>

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“It’s much bigger than just Michael Jackson”: Why you need to watch Oprah’s After Neverland special

<p>Oprah has publicly acknowledged <em>Leaving Neverland</em> director Dan Reed for his efforts in raising awareness of a topic that she tried to illuminate for 25 years on <em>The Oprah Winfrey Show</em>, in the hopes to get the public to understand the complicated subject.</p> <p>The TV special, <em>After Neverland</em> acts as a companion to Reed’s body of work, with Winfrey saying that a child sexual abuse reckoning must “transcend Michael Jackson”.</p> <p>Winfrey, who is a victim of child assault herself, says the term “abuse” is misleading when discussing the experiences she and other children have faced.</p> <p>Here are a few things to know:</p> <ul> <li>During Jackson’s adult life, he kept a number of young boys around him, none of who he was related to. These children were regularly photographed accompanying him throughout the '80s and '90s and would stay with him at his Neverland home.</li> <li>So far, five boys – Jordan Chandler and Jason Francia in 1993, Gavin Arvizo in 2003 and Wade Robson and James Safechuck in 2013 – have placed allegations against the musician for sexually abusing them. The first case was resolved out of court, the second Jackson was acquitted for. The latest accusations come after Jackson’s death, with Robson and Safechuck providing harrowing details of the crime in Reed’s four-hour documentary <em>Leaving Neverland</em>.</li> </ul> <p>Despite having five people accusing Jackson of the same crime, his loyal fan base refuse to accept that their pop idol could have committed such a monstrous act – passion that wasn’t shown to other men in similar situations such as Harvey Weinstein, Kevin Spacey and R. Kelly, all three who have been accused during the #MeToo era. The King of Pop’s fans almost consider him as a Christ-like figure, meaning if they choose to accept the allegations, they must come to terms with their hero having an extremely dark side. One thing is for certain, many of these people will never come close to watching <em>Leaving Neverland</em>, which highlights Robson and Safechuck’s trauma as children in immense detail.</p> <p>But if you’re someone who has already seen it, and want further information on the incident, then Winfrey’s one-hour special <em>After Neverland</em> should be next on your list of things to watch. The 65-year-old sits down with Robson, Safechuck and Reed, with a studio audience consisting of over 100 sexual abuse survivors and their supporters. The talk show legend makes a clear statement from the very beginning on where she stands: She believes both of them. But despite the ongoing support, Winfrey makes sure to ask the tough questions that everyone is thinking, s<span>uch as their true motivations, the reason they chose to tell their story now and whether their parents are to blame for allowing the abuse to happen.</span></p> <p>Winfrey, who has experienced sexual assault as a child herself, has dedicated a large part of her career to spreading awareness on the misunderstood topic.</p> <p>“Here’s the reason why I’m here,” Winfrey says on the segment.</p> <p>“In 25 years of <em>The Oprah Show</em>, I taped 217 episodes on sexual abuse. I tried and tried to get the message across to people that sexual abuse was not just the abuse, it was sexual seduction.”</p> <p>She then praised Reed for being “able to illustrate in these four hours what I tried to explain in 217”.</p> <p>And Reed deserves the accolades, as <em>Leaving Neverland</em> highlights the manipulative behaviour predators use to groom children, to the point that their innocent subjects don’t realise they are being abused until years later.</p> <p>The documentary goes into detail about how Jackson garnered the trust of Robson and Safechuck’s families, shedding light on the exact tactics used by paedophiles.</p> <p>“Child sexual abuse; even the word ‘abuse’ lacks accuracy. I’ve been saying this for years,” says Winfrey.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/Bu8sG11nGCq/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_medium=loading" data-instgrm-version="12"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/Bu8sG11nGCq/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_medium=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by Amanda Lenox (@amandalenoxlmhc)</a> on Mar 13, 2019 at 5:20am PDT</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>“As young boys, these two men did not feel it was abuse until much later. When you’re a child – this is the message I want every parent to hear – you don’t have the language to explain what is happening to you, because you’ve been seduced and entrapped.”</p> <p>Robson then went on to explain why it took him this long to reveal what had happened to him.</p> <p>“I had no understanding that what Michael did to me was abuse. From night one of the sexual stuff that Michael did to me, he told me it was love, and that God brought us together. I was this little boy from the other side of the world, and Michael was God to me. Now, he was telling me, ‘I love you. God brought us together.’ This, this sexual stuff, this is how we show our love.”</p> <p>While the victim’s stories are unique in their own right, the abuse they suffered was not, with one in five girls and one in 20 boys being a victim of child sexual abuse.</p> <p>“For me, this moment transcends Michael Jackson. It’s much bigger than any one person. It’s a moment in time that allows us to see this societal corruption, this scourge on humanity. It’s happening right now in families, in churches, in schools and in sports teams everywhere,” says Winfrey.</p> <p>“If it gets you to see how it happens, then some good will have come of it.”</p> <p>Oprah’s full <em>After Neverland</em> special is up on YouTube and her website.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JIiq4Jnmam8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> <p>Have you watched <em>Leaving Neverland</em>? What did you think of it? Let us know in the comments below.</p>

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